| FMR 56 - From the editors |
The region of Latin America and the Caribbean has long demonstrated hospitality towards those fleeing conflict and persecution within the region and further afield. |
Marion Couldrey, Jenny Peebles |
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| FMR 56 - Foreword: Regional solidarity and commitment to protection in Latin America and the Caribbean |
At a time when over 65 million people are forcibly displaced worldwide, Latin America and the Caribbean offer examples of good practices from a region which continues to uphold a long-standing commitment to protect those in need. |
Filippo Grandi |
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| FMR 56 - Protection gaps in Mexico |
With Mexico a major destination – and transit – country for people displaced by violence in the Northern Triangle of Central America, the Mexican government needs urgently to improve its asylum systems and procedures if they are to be fit for purpose. |
Andrea Villasenor, Elba Coria |
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| FMR 56 - Silencing criticism in Mexico |
Journalists and human rights defenders in Mexico are being attacked in an attempt to silence their criticism. Many are forced to flee or risk being assassinated. The consequences are both personal and of wider social significance. |
Ximena Suárez, Daniel Zapico |
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| FMR 56 - La 72: an oasis along the migration routes in Mexico |
In the face of violence, stricter migration policies and daily obstacles, those working at the La 72 shelter strive to respect people’s sense of dignity while caring for their safety. |
Alejandro Olayo-Méndez |
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| FMR 56 - Mexico’s Michoacán state: mixed migration flows and transnational links |
Against a backdrop of unremitting violence in Mexico, traditional migration patterns in the North American corridor are being reconfigured. |
Xóchitl Bada, Andreas E Feldmann |
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| FMR 56 - Criminal violence in Honduras as a driver of displacement |
The impact of violence is felt daily in the Northern Triangle of Central America and is a major driver of displacement, yet its very nature obstructs identification of and access to those in need of protection. |
Suzanna Nelson-Pollard |
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| FMR 56 - Factors influencing decision making by people fleeing Central America |
Interviews with people who have fled violence in Central America reveal the influences behind their decision making prior to and during flight. |
Vickie Knox |
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| FMR 56 - Central American refugees: protected or put at risk by communication technologies? |
In a world that is more interconnected than ever, many refugees cannot obtain information or communicate when they most need to. Paradoxically, carrying a phone or connecting to the internet can put them at risk if they do not take security measures. |
Guillermo Barros |
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| FMR 56 - Unaccompanied children crossing the Darién Gap |
While there is much attention paid to the treacherous journeys of refugees and migrants crossing the Mediterranean Sea, both the media and international aid community have overlooked one of the deadliest migratory routes in the world: the Darién Gap. |
Margaret Hunter |
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| FMR 56 - Youth outreach centres in El Salvador: providing alternatives to displacement |
A growing number of youth are fleeing El Salvador, one of the most violent countries in the world, and travelling unaccompanied to the US-Mexico border. |
Benjamin J Roth |
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| FMR 56 - Accompaniment by the Catholic Church |
The Catholic Church is developing various initiatives to assist those fleeing violence in the Northern Triangle of Central America. |
Ashley Feasley, Todd Scribner |
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| FMR 56 - Colombia: durable solutions for the forcibly displaced |
Colombia has a sophisticated body of law and a wealth of experience in the development of policies for the forcibly displaced. However, numerous obstacles stand in the way of attaining permanent solutions to displacement. |
Amaya Valcárcel, Vera Samudio |
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| FMR 56 - Colombia: time to invoke the cessation clause? |
After more than five decades of internal armed conflict, in November 2016 the Colombian government signed a peace agreement with the FARC-EP. Does this mean that those Colombians who had been forced to leave the country must now begin to return? |
Beatriz Eugenia Sánchez Mojica |
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| FMR 56 - Colombia’s ex–combatant children and adolescents |
Large numbers of children and adolescents recruited into the armed conflict in Colombia are now being demobilised. |
Stephany Armas Contreras |
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| FMR 56 - New drivers of displacement in Colombia |
Violence and displacement have not ended with the signing of the peace agreement in Colombia. |
Alfredo Campos García |
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| FMR 56 - Land restitution in Colombia: why so few applications? |
Halfway through Colombia’s official land restitution process, questions arise as to why the number of claims is so much lower than anticipated. |
Frances Thomson |
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| FMR 56 - Colombia’s displaced indigenous women |
Indigenous peoples are one of the most vulnerable groups within Colombia’s internally displaced population, and a lack of understanding of their culture and needs constitutes a major challenge to their protection and assistance. |
Gina Escobar Cuero |
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| FMR 56 - Triggers of internal displacement in Guatemala |
More than 20 years since the end of the civil war, Guatemala is once again experiencing an upsurge in internal displacement. The causes are multiple, and demand attention. |
Sindy Hernández Bonilla |
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| FMR 56 - Falling short of protection: Peru’s new migration scheme for Venezuelans |
audio/mpeg iconparent.mp3 Peru’s introduction of a new work and study permit for Venezuelans fleeing violence in their country is to be applauded – but it provides only a limited, temporary form of protection. |
Nicolas Parent |
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| FMR 56 - Protection in the absence of legislation in Trinidad and Tobago |
The Caribbean’s many small island States are grappling with increasingly complex mixed migration flows, yet few have introduced refugee legislation. Trinidad and Tobago is in the process of doing so. |
Rochelle Nakhid, Andrew Welch |
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| FMR 56 - Eradicating statelessness in the Americas |
Considerable progress has been made towards eradicating statelessness in Latin America and the Caribbean since 2014 but there is still work to be done if it is to become the first world region to eradicate statelessness. |
Juan Ignacio Mondelli |
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| FMR 56 - Extra-regional refugee resettlement in South America: the Palestinian experience |
The Humanitarian Resettlement Programme for extra-regional refugees built on the Solidarity Resettlement Programme that emerged from the 2004 Mexico Declaration and Plan of Action. |
Marcia Vera Espinoza |
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| FMR 56 - Venezuelan displacement: a challenge to Brazil |
Brazil must strengthen its reception and integration of fleeing Venezuelans. |
Helisane Mahlke, Lilian Yamamoto |
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| FMR 56 - The future of the Brazilian resettlement programme |
Brazil’s resettlement programmes have been praised for demonstrating the country’s commitment to refugee protection but the number resettled remains small compared with international need. |
Thais Silva Menezes, Stylianos Kostas |
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| FMR 56 - Visas and qualifications: Syrian refugees in Brazil |
Brazil’s humanitarian visa programme for Syrian refugees and its efforts to recognise their qualifications could offer lessons for refugee protection and integration across the region. |
Gilberto M A Rodrigues, José Blanes Sala, Débora Corrêa de Siqueira |
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| FMR 56 - Syrian refugees in Uruguay: an uncomfortable topic |
Only a year after Uruguay’s resettlement plan for Syrian refugees was established, the resettled families said they wanted to leave. Expectations have not been met. |
Raquel Rodríguez Camejo |
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| FMR 56 - Measuring local integration in Ecuador |
In 2014-15 UNHCR Ecuador developed an index to measure the degree to which refugees are integrated in their host country, using three main dimensions of local integration: legal, economic and socio-cultural. |
Santiago Cordova, Peter Janssen |
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| FMR 56 - The RCM Guide: a novel protection tool for cross-border disaster-induced displacement in the Americas |
A new regional guide presents practices and measures to help address the protection needs of cross-border disaster-displaced persons. |
Walter Kälin, David Cantor |
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| FMR 56 - Disaster-induced displacement in the Caribbean and the Pacific |
People in Small Island Developing States are particularly vulnerable to displacement by disaster. Governments in the Caribbean and the Pacific need urgently to do more risk management and planning. |
Mo Hamza, Ida Koch, Malte Plewa |
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| FMR 56 - Towards a regional agreement on environmental displacement? |
The effects of climate change influence the frequency and intensity of disasters and slow-onset environmental degradation processes, exacerbating pre-existing risks and vulnerabilities. |
Erika Pires Ramos, Fernanda de Salles Cavedon-Capdeville, Lilian Yamamoto, Diogo Andreola Serraglio |
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| FMR 56 - Could Latin American citizenship be a fourth durable solution? |
Proposals for a regional South American citizenship put forward by the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) offer the possibility of alternative solutions for the protection of internally displaced persons and refugees in the region. |
Valeria Llamas |
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| FMR 56 General - Turning the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework into reality |
As they work towards the adoption of a Global Compact on Refugees, States are implementing the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework. |
Manisha Thomas |
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| FMR 56 General - Towards a development approach to displacement |
o better respond to displacement, we need to adopt a medium- to long-term perspective rooted in development as well as humanitarian principles. |
Xavier Devictor |
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| FMR 56 General - ASEAN's role in the Rohingya refugee crisis |
The Rohingya refugee crisis has become a regional crisis. Members of the Association of Southeast Asian States (ASEAN) must enhance regional cooperation in order to improve protection for the region’s refugees. |
Richa Shivakoti |
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| FMR 56 General - Refugees in towns: experiences of integration |
In countries of first asylum, transit and destination it is increasingly towns and cities that are absorbing refugees. |
Karen Jacobsen |
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| FMR 56 General - Canada’s Guideline 9: improving SOGIE claims assessment? |
Asylum seekers making claims relating to their sexual orientation and gender identity often face unfair refusal. |
Moira Dustin, Nuno Ferreira |
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